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Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the importance of self-supervision spirit in the PIVAS.METHODS:According to the characteristics of PIVAS in our hospital,the importance of self-supervision spirit in PIVAS was introduced and the methods to cultivate the spirit were evaluated.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Self-supervision spirit of staff can reduce mistakes and improve the working of PIVAS to promote the safety of clinical drug use.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the problems and solutions of the communication between PIVAS and clinical departments in order to provide reference for effective communication.METHODS:The importance and means of effective communication were explored in respect of mutual goal,problems of communication and countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Only the effective communication between PIVAS and clinical department are strengthened continuously,can satisfactory service be supplied for patients.The medical conception of "patient-centered" can be implemented.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into an inventory method of high efficiency and quality for PIVAS.METHODS:Data processing and calculation were carried out using Excel based on the information system of PIVAS.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Digital inventory greatly improves the efficiency and quality of inventory.Under the condition of same workload and same number of staff,working time of digital inventory is 60% less than that of traditional inventory.And consistent rate between material and account is increased by 5%.
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OBJECTIVE:To cut down the mistakes in PIVAS of our hospital in order to guarantee safe drug use of patients.METHODS:Various errors occurred in PIVAS of our hospital in 2008 were collected and analyzed.Relevant countermeasures were carried out then errors occurred in 2009 were compared statistically.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Errors occurred in PIVAS of our hospital mainly were printing errors of label,shelf errors of drugs,dispensing errors and describing errors.The error rate was decreased from 0.016 1% in 2008 to 0.006 4% in 2009 and the safety of drug use was improved.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS.METHODS:Cautions for the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs and process steps of emergency were introduced as well as the disposal of waste and liquid after dispensing.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Centralized and standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS improves the quality of the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs.And it ensures the safety of drug use and strengthens the occupational protection of staff.
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OBJECTIVE:To introduce the operation instructions and routine maintenance method of horizontal laminar flow cabinet(HLFC) in PIVAS to provide reference for standardized operation of HLFC.METHODS:The standardized utilization and maintenance of HLFC in respects of compositions,operation principle,operation instructions,etc.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The standardized operation and correct maintenance can ensure the dispensation quality of intravenous drugs and extend service life of HLFC.
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OBJECTIVE:To introduce dispensing room of PIVAS in order to promote the realization of public to PIVAS.METHODS:Dispensing room of PIVAS was introduced in respects of the establishment of dispensing room,staff and health control.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The clean working environment,well-trained staff and strict health control ensure the quality of the dispensation of intravenous drugs.
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OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the clinical rational use of drug and to ensure safety of drug use.METHODS:The irrational medication orders of PIVAS in our hospital from Mar.to Aug.in 2009 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of total 859 339 medication orders,771 irrational medication orders accounted for 0.94‰,including excessive dosage,irrational compatibility and improper solvent selection,etc.CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacists can correct irrational medication order to improve rational use of drug by PIVAS.Moreover,PIVAS plays an important role in training clinical pharmacists.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.METHODS:In drug dispension process,operation procedure was carried out strictly and different dispensing methods were adopted according to the characteristics of drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Dispensing guidelines for common injection,insoluble drug and chemotherapy drugs were summarized and improved to promote quality of intravenous drugs dispension.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore how to strengthen self-protection of chemotherapy drug dispensing staff in PIVAS.METHODS:The protective equipment of PIVAS,caution of drug dispensing and solution for emergency were introduced.The way of strengthening self-protection of staff in PIVAS was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Standardized operation procedures and clean operation environment are of great significance for the enhancement of professional protection of drug dispensing staff.
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OBJECTIVE:To improve the management of dispensing room in PIVAS in order to provide reference for standardized disposition of drugs.METHODS:The condition of the management of dispensing room of PIVAS in our hospital was introduced in respect of staff management,material management,disposition management,environment and equipment management.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The quality and efficiency of disposition of intravenous drugs are improved through improving management of above four aspects to guarantee the medication safety of patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the cost control in PIVAS of our hospital in order to provide reference for the effective cost control.METHODS:The status quo of cost control of PIVAS was analyzed to provide corresponding countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The effective cost control can be achieved through improving cost accounting,controlling cost and reducing running cost and labour cost to promote the healthy development of PIVAS.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of work efficiency of PIVAS.METHODS:The theory of bat-ch processing of PIVAS in our hospital was interpreted and its effect and problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Batch processing principal of background decision and foreground adjustment were adopted to allocate workload of different periods scientifically and improve working efficiency.Some problems existed in processing period require improvement of batch processing.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving safety of clinical pharmacy admixture service(PIVAS?DDS).METHODS:The main safety control measures for PIVAS?DDS in our hospital were introduced in respects of system establishment,staff,environment,safety of drug dispensing.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The safety of drug dispensing is greatly inhanced through bettering working system and operational procedure,improving the cleanliness of staff,standardizing regional plan and orientation of human and material resource,which plays an important role in safety of drug use in the clinic and occupational protection,etc.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote standardized management of PIVAS.METHODS:The experience of the management of PIVAS in our hospital was summarized to explore the suitable management model of PIVAS.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The efficiency and quality of PIVAS management is improved and the management of PIVAS is standardized by establishing operational procedure,management criteria,management group and evaluation standard.